我们来想象一个场景。在加载一个模型时，你需要从网上下载，但是你并不知道下载需要花费多少时间。你所知道的是，当下载完成后，就可以把模型放在特定位置上，开始游戏。那么，我们怎样才能判断下载完成呢？
一个简单的方法是，在每一帧的时候都判断下载是否完成，完成后就可以继续后面的工作。因此，我们可以这样做，我们告诉一个管理器，嗨，你帮我盯着点，看下载完了没有，完了就叫我一声，好让我执行XXX函数。我们今天要做的，就是构造这样一个管理器。
实现注意，下面的代码依赖于之前所讲到的单例模式。
我们不防把上面这样一件工作成为一个计数器——Timer（这个名字可能不太恰当），把需要被通知者成为观察者——Oberver，而像下载管理器这样的对象成为一个主题——Subject。
首先，我们来定义观察者和主题对象。TimerObserverOrSubject.cs如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class TimerObserverOrSubject : MonoBehaviour {
virtual protected void OnDestroy ()
{
if(Singleton.IsCreatedInstance(“TimerController”))
{
(Singleton.getInstance(“TimerController”) as TimerController).ClearTimer(this);
}
}
TimerObserverOrSubject.cs的内容非常简单，它的工作就是在该脚本被析构时，及时地从计数器管理器里面删除涉及这个对象的所有Timer。
计数器管理器的脚本——TimerController.cs如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class TimerController : MonoBehaviour {
public delegate void OnCallBack(object arg);
public delegate bool OnIsCanDo(object arg);
public class Timer {
public TimerObserverOrSubject m_Observer;
public OnCallBack m_Callback = null;
public object m_Arg = null;
public TimerObserverOrSubject m_Subject;
public OnIsCanDo m_IsCanDoFunc = null;
public object m_ArgForIsCanDoFunc = null;
public float m_PassTime = 0;
public Timer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer, OnCallBack callback, object arg,
TimerObserverOrSubject subject, OnIsCanDo isCanDoFunc, object argForIsCanDo) {
m_Observer = observer;
m_Callback = callback;
m_Arg = arg;
m_Subject = subject;
m_IsCanDoFunc = isCanDoFunc;
m_ArgForIsCanDoFunc = argForIsCanDo;
m_PassTime = 0;
}
public Timer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer, OnCallBack callback, object arg, float time) {
m_Observer = observer;
m_Callback = callback;
m_Arg = arg;
m_Subject = null;
m_IsCanDoFunc = null;
m_ArgForIsCanDoFunc = null;
m_PassTime = time;
}
}
private List<Timer> m_Timers = new List<Timer>();
private List<Timer> m_NeedRemoveTimer = new List<Timer>();
private List<Timer> m_CurRunTimer = new List<Timer>();
/// <summary>
/// Sets the timer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name=’observer’>
/// The TimerObserverOrSubject you need to listen
/// </param>
/// <param name=’callback’>
/// The callback when condition is true.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’arg’>
/// Argument of the callback.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’observer’>
/// The TimerObserverOrSubject you need to observe
/// </param>
/// <param name=’isCanDoFunc’>
/// The condition function, must return a boolean.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’argForIsCanDo’>
/// Argument for condition function.
/// </param>
public void SetTimer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer, OnCallBack callback ,object arg,
TimerObserverOrSubject subject, OnIsCanDo isCanDoFunc,object argForIsCanDo) {
if (observer == null || subject == null || callback == null || isCanDoFunc == null) return;
if (isCanDoFunc(argForIsCanDo)) {
callback(arg);
return;
}
Timer timer = new Timer(observer, callback, arg, subject, isCanDoFunc, argForIsCanDo);
m_Timers.Add(timer);
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the timer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name=’observer’>
/// The TimerObserverOrSubject you need to listen
/// </param>
/// <param name=’callback’>
/// The callback when time is up.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’arg’>
/// Argument of the callback.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’timepass’>
/// Timepass before calling the callback.
/// </param>
public void SetTimer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer, OnCallBack callback , object arg, float timepass) {
if (observer != null && callback != null) {
Timer timer = new Timer(observer, callback, arg, timepass);
m_Timers.Add(timer);
}
/// <summary>
/// Clears all Timers of the observer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name=’observer’>
/// The TimerObserverOrSubject you need to clear
/// </param>
public void ClearTimer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer) {
List<Timer> needRemovedTimers = new List<Timer>();
foreach (Timer timer in m_Timers) {
if (timer.m_Observer == observer || timer.m_Subject) {
needRemovedTimers.Add(timer);
}
}
foreach (Timer timer in needRemovedTimers) {
m_Timers.Remove(timer);
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update ()
{
InitialCurTimerDict();
RunTimer();
RemoveTimer();
}
private void InitialCurTimerDict() {
m_CurRunTimer.Clear();
foreach (Timer timer in m_Timers) {
m_CurRunTimer.Add(timer);
}
private void RunTimer() {
m_NeedRemoveTimer.Clear();
foreach (Timer timer in m_CurRunTimer) {
if (timer.m_IsCanDoFunc == null) {
timer.m_PassTime =timer.m_PassTime – Time.deltaTime;
if (timer.m_PassTime < 0) {
timer.m_Callback(timer.m_Arg);
m_NeedRemoveTimer.Add(timer);
}
} else {
if (timer.m_IsCanDoFunc(timer.m_ArgForIsCanDoFunc)) {
timer.m_Callback(timer.m_Arg);
m_NeedRemoveTimer.Add(timer);
}
private void RemoveTimer() {
foreach (Timer timer in m_NeedRemoveTimer) {
if (m_Timers.Contains(timer)) {
m_Timers.Remove(timer);
}
}
首先，它定义了回调函数的类型：
public delegate void OnCallBack(object arg);
public delegate bool OnIsCanDo(object arg);
关于C#的委托机制，如果有童鞋不了解，请详见官方文档。简单来说，委托类似一个函数指针，常被用于回调函数。
然后，定义了一个数据类型Timer用于保存一个计数器的各个信息。
接下来，就是TimerController的两个重要的SetTimer函数。我们先看第一个SetTimer函数：
/// <summary>
/// Sets the timer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name=’observer’>
/// The observer to observe the subject
/// </param>
/// <param name=’callback’>
/// The callback when condition is true.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’arg’>
/// Argument of the callback.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’subject’>
/// The subject you need to observe
/// </param>
/// <param name=’isCanDoFunc’>
/// The condition function, must return a boolean.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’argForIsCanDo’>
/// Argument for condition function.
/// </param>
public void SetTimer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer, OnCallBack callback ,object arg,
TimerObserverOrSubject subject, OnIsCanDo isCanDoFunc,object argForIsCanDo) {
if (observer == null || subject == null || callback == null || isCanDoFunc == null) return;
if (isCanDoFunc(argForIsCanDo)) {
callback(arg);
return;
}
Timer timer = new Timer(observer, callback, arg, subject, isCanDoFunc, argForIsCanDo);
m_Timers.Add(timer);
}
根据函数说明可以看出，它负责建立一个计数器，当subject的isCanDoFunc(argForIsCanDo)函数返回true时，通知observer，执行observer的callback(arg)函数。
第二个SetTimer函数更简单：
/// <summary>
/// Sets the timer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name=’observer’>
/// The observer to observe the subject
/// </param>
/// <param name=’callback’>
/// The callback when time is up.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’arg’>
/// Argument of the callback.
/// </param>
/// <param name=’timepass’>
/// Timepass before calling the callback.
/// </param>
public void SetTimer(TimerObserverOrSubject observer, OnCallBack callback , object arg, float timepass) {
if (observer != null && callback != null) {
Timer timer = new Timer(observer, callback, arg, timepass);
m_Timers.Add(timer);
}
}
它负责建立一个计数器，在timepass的时间后，通知observer，执行observer的callback(arg)函数。
Update()函数里面负责检查所有Timer是否可以触发以及是否需要删除。
例子
在这个例子里，我们需要在程序开始运行5秒后，打印一些信息。当然这个的实现有很多方法，这里我们使用今天实现的TimerController来实现。
TimerSample.cs的内容如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class TimerSample : TimerObserverOrSubject {
private TimerController m_TimerCtr = null;
private bool m_IsCanDisplay = false;
private string m_DisplayContent = “Hello, candycat!”;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
m_TimerCtr = Singleton.getInstance(“TimerController”) as TimerController;
//m_TimerCtr.SetTimer(this, Display, m_DisplayContent, 5);
m_TimerCtr.SetTimer(this, Display, null, this, IsCanDisplay, null);
StartCoroutine(DelayDisplay());
}
void Display(object arg) {
if (arg == null) {
Debug.Log(m_DisplayContent);
} else {
string content = arg as string;
Debug.Log(content);
}
}
bool IsCanDisplay(object arg) {
return m_IsCanDisplay;
}
IEnumerator DelayDisplay() {
yield return new WaitForSeconds(5.0f);
m_IsCanDisplay = true;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
首先，它向TimerController请求 注册了一个计时器。这里，它的条件是IsCanDisplay函数，它返回bool值m_IsCanDisplay。而这个值将会在5秒后，通过协同函数 DelayDisplay来由false置为true。当其为true时，TimerController就将通知TimerSample调用 Display函数。
